Work

Tree cover homogenization in semi-open ecosystems worldwide and implications for ecosystem stability and conservation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Semi-open ecosystems, such as savannas and open woodlands, are biodiversity hotspots due largely to their heterogeneous tree cover (TC), which supports diverse habitats. However, increasing woody encroachment is altering TC heterogeneity, with unclear consequences for ecosystem stability. Using global satellite-based TC estimates (2000–2020), we reveal widespread TC homogenization (24.1%) in semi-open ecosystems, predominantly in temperate and boreal bioclimates undergoing substantial warming. Contrary to the assumption that vegetation heterogeneity promotes ecosystem stability, we find that TC homogenization has mixed correlations with ecosystem functional stability. Notably, positive relations dominate in water-abundant areas with increasing TC, while negative correlations prevail in water-constrained regions with stable or decreasing TC. Protected areas exhibit lower homogenization and greater stability than surrounding landscapes, underscoring their conservation value. Our findings highlight the need for nuanced land management strategies that balance biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem stability under global reforestation and restoration initiatives.

Source: Cell Reports Sustainability

DOI: 10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100343

Authors: Lanhui Wang, Coline C.F. Boonman, Susanne Marieke Vogel, Zhongxiang Fang, Jens-Christian Svenning

Institutions: Lund University, Aarhus University, Wageningen University & Research, Open University of the Netherlands, University of Copenhagen

Language: English

Topic: Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Subfield: Global and Planetary Change

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Life on land, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $5,730