Corrosion Analysis of Bronze Arrowheads from the Minyue Kingdom Imperial City Ruins
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigates the material properties, metallurgical processes, and corrosion mechanisms of bronze arrowheads excavated from the Imperial City of the Minyue Kingdom, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Wuyishan, Fujian, China. Using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRF, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, the researchers analyzed the cross-section and corrosion layers of the artifacts. Results show that the arrowheads are Cu-Sn-Pb alloys, with Cu (70.76%), Sn (8.73%), and Pb (8.72%), optimizing hardness, toughness, and casting performance. Corrosion analysis reveals a surface layer rich in Cu2O, CuO, SnO2, and Cu2(OH)2CO3, driven by oxidation, carbonation, and sulfidation reactions. The corrosion layer exhibits stratification, porosity, and cracks, indicating the influence of oxygen, carbonate ions, and sulfides in burial environments. This study provides crucial insights into ancient bronze metallurgy and the long-term preservation of cultural relics.
Source: Coatings
Authors: Lei Zhang, Liang Zheng, Yile Chen, Ruyi Zheng, Lei Huang, Jiali Zhang, Binwen Yan, Zirong Chen
Language: English
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4408441653