Work

Hairy Cell Leukemia: A Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis B-Associated Aplastic Anemia and Syphilis

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Aplastic anemia occurs with an incidence of 2–5: 1 million people worldwide. However, the frequency of newly diagnosed cases of bone marrow aplasia is greater, and some of these patients present to emergency departments initially. Description of Case: We present the case of a middle-aged man with pancytopenia. In this case, aplastic anemia associated with hepatitis B and syphilis was only the initial diagnosis. An indolent hematologic malignancy—hairy cell leukemia—was diagnosed as the real cause of the bone marrow failure in a clinic of hematology. Conclusions: This clinical case allows us to make a conclusion, albeit not definitively, about the contribution of hepatitis B and syphilis to the clinical manifestation of hairy cell leukemia. A detailed and consistent diagnostic plan is also required in patients presenting with pancytopenia. Failure to diagnose a hepatitis B infection in a patient with malignant hematologic disease would lead to fatal therapeutic errors.

Source: Hematology Reports

DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep17020013

Authors: I. Kindekov, E. Beleva, M. Kadish, I. Ionchev, N. Semerdzhieva

Institutions: Military Medical Academy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Emergency Medicine "Pirogov"

Language: English

Topic: Hematological disorders and diagnostics

Subfield: Emergency Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,930