Chemical decomposition in shock-compressed 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) single crystals: Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Understanding the evolution of chemical decomposition—at the molecular level—in shock-compressed insensitive high explosive (IHE) single crystals is an important need. Toward this goal, time-resolved Raman spectra were measured in 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) single crystals shock compressed to stresses above 20 GPa. At 22 GPa and higher stresses, the Raman peak intensities were significantly reduced, showing the onset and extent of chemical changes. At 33 GPa, no Raman peaks were observed, suggesting complete decomposition of FOX-7. The 22 GPa onset from Raman data is in marked contrast to the much higher (32 GPa) onset determined previously from wave profile measurements—showing the significantly greater sensitivity of Raman measurements for gaining insight into shock-induced molecular-level changes in IHE single crystals. The close match between the complete loss of Raman peaks at 33 GPa and the 32 GPa reaction threshold determined from continuum data makes a good case that the two results are related and they reflect significant energy release due to decomposition.
Source: Journal of Applied Physics
DOI: 10.1063/5.0231570
Authors: J. M. Winey, K. Zimmerman, Y. M. Gupta
Institution: Washington State University
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanics of Materials
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,500
Funder: U.S. Department of Energy
OpenAlex ID: W4408503031