Role of Pb/PbSO4 Morphologies in Dynamic Charge Acceptance of Lead Acid Batteries
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The dynamic charge acceptance (DCA) of negative pastes in lead acid batteries is studied using a continuum level model that is validated against in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. The model matches the current transient during a ten-minute, 2.4 V charge at 80% state of charge (SOC) using a distribution of PbSO4 particles. <2% by volume of small, reactive particles is shown to provide ∼50% of the capacity during the first ten seconds. Increases in DCA with increasing carbon content are captured with increasing lead surface area. The increase in DCA when the 2.4 V charge is done after discharging to 80% SOC (vs charging to 80%) is captured by reducing the PbSO4 particle sizes. It is hypothesized that the lower DCA after charging is caused by the absence of smaller particles that were consumed during the initial charge to 80% SOC, which is confirmed from X-ray measurements. Finally, two-particle case studies show that reducing the PbSO4 particle size is more effective for increasing DCA than increasing the PbSO4 dissolution rate alone. For a given lead surface area, the optimal DCA occurs when the particle sizes are large enough to avoid blocking the surface but small enough to provide dissolution/diffusion improvements.
Language: English
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $1,950
Awards: G426311843, G515392654
OpenAlex ID: W4408556864