Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: In coupled space-division multiplexing (SDM) transmission systems, imperfections in optical amplifiers and passive devices introduce mode-dependent loss (MDL) and gain (MDG). These effects render the channel capacity stochastic and result in a decrease in average capacity. Several previous studies employ multi-section simulations to model the capacity of these systems. Additionally, relevant works derive analytically the capacity distribution for a single-mode system with polarization-dependent gain and loss (mode count$D=2$). However, to the best of our knowledge, analytic expressions of the capacity distribution for systems with$D>2$have not been presented. In this paper, we provide analytic expressions for the capacity of SDM optical systems affected by MDG with arbitrary mode counts. The expressions rely on Gaussian approximations for the per-mode capacity distributions and for the overall capacity distribution, as well as on fitting parameters for the capacity cross-correlation among different modes. Compared to simulations, the derived analytical expressions exhibit a suitable level of accuracy across a wide range of practical scenarios.
Source: Journal of Lightwave Technology
Authors: Lucas Alves Zischler, Darli A. A. Mello
Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Language: English
Topic: Optical Network Technologies
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4408564784