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Prevalence and determinants of preterm birth among women of reproductive age in Kenya: a multilevel analysis of the 2022 Demographic Health Survey

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Globally, over 15 million preterm births (PTB) occur annually, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate burden. In Kenya, studies conducted between 2017 and 2021 at the hospital level show a PTB prevalence ranging from 15.9% to 20.2%. However, current PTB prevalence and associated factors remain underexplored despite their significant public health implications. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with PTB is critical for effective interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PTB and also to identify individual- and community-level factors influencing PTB among women of reproductive age in Kenya. Design: The study utilised a cross-sectional design, analysing data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Methods: < 0.05 were used to identify predictors of PTB. Results: The prevalence of PTB was 7.14%. Women aged 25-34 (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.94) and 35+ (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.59-1.24) were less likely to experience PTB compared to younger women (15-24 years). Attending four or more antenatal care visits reduced PTB likelihood (aOR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53-0.88). Women in the richest wealth index had higher odds of PTB (aOR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.39-3.74), while medium community literacy levels increased PTB risk (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21-2.03). Conclusion: This study highlights that individual- and community-level factors significantly influence PTB in Kenya. Addressing disparities in socio-demographic and obstetric factors through targeted, multipronged strategies is essential for reducing PTB rates and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Source: Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health

DOI: 10.1177/26334941251327181