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Spontaneous rupture of renal cell carcinoma: A case report from Mogadishu Somali Turkey hospital training and research hospital

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous rupture of renal masses, known as Wunderlich's syndrome, is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by acute perirenal hemorrhage. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a less common cause of these ruptures, which may serve as the initial manifestation of the disease. This case report highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of spontaneous RCC rupture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female presented with acute right-sided abdominal pain for 4 h. She exhibited tachycardia (120 bpm). Bedside ultrasonography suggested a renal mass, confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), which revealed a right renal mass with a large retroperitoneal hematoma. Rapid hemoglobin decline and severe pain raised suspicion of renal rupture. Emergency laparotomy with nephrectomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The patient recovered uneventfully. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Spontaneous rupture of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CEST) is the most reliable imaging modality for confirming diagnoses. Differential diagnoses include vascular anomalies, coagulopathies, and angiomyolipomas. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, and prompt intervention is vital to reduce complications and improve prognosis. Postoperative surveillance ensures complete tumor removal and monitors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the rarity of spontaneous RCC rupture and its diagnostic challenges. CEST is crucial for diagnosis, with the differential diagnoses including vascular disorders, coagulopathies, and renal tumor. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, with timely intervention essential for improving patient outcomes.

Source: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111190

Authors: Ubah Mumin Ali Osman, Yahye Sheikh Abdulle Hassan, Hanan Hassan Hirei

Institutions: Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Renal cell carcinoma treatment

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,090