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Acute Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Six Body-Weight Squat Exercise Variations

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Adequate exercise prescription requires a deep understanding of the body’s response to exercise. This study explored the responses of heart rate (HR), muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), and perceived exertion (RPE) during six body-weight squat exercise variations. A total of 15 recreationally active participants (age: 28.2 ± 8.0 years; body mass: 71.1 ± 11.2 kg; height: 1.73 ± 0.08 m) were recruited. Six body-weight squat variations (deep, jumping, single-leg, uneven, unstable, and wall-sit) were randomly performed for 90 s. Results revealed that the jumping squat promoted a higher average and peak HR (165.3 ± 14.5 and 146.1 ± 14.8 bpm, respectively), and a lower average SmO2 and higher deoxygenation SmO2 in the soleus muscle (40.3 ± 15.4 and 46.0 ± 11.4%, accordingly). No differences were observed in recovery time or in the same SmO2 derived-parameters in the vastus lateralis muscle. The jumping variation promoted a greater response at a physiological level, both centrally, related to cardiovascular response, and peripherally, related to soleus SmO2. It was also the more demanding variation at both the overall and lower limb muscular level of RPE. This holistic view allows a precise identification of the response patterns in body-weight squat exercise variations to an acute session, with a training intervention providing additional information.

Source: Sensors

DOI: 10.3390/s25072018

Authors: Daniel Santarém, Andreia Teixeira, António Amaral, Jaime Sampaio, Catarina Abrantes

Institutions: University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Centro de Investigação em Desporto Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano

Language: English

Topic: Cardiovascular and exercise physiology

Subfield: Complementary and alternative medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137