Work

Shorter‐term and longer‐term mortality prediction in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle ( AusDiab ) study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: While identification of key risk factors for mortality has contributed to advances in healthcare, the effect of these risk factors in predicting mortality over different time horizons remains unclear. AIMS: We sought to determine how risk factors predicted shorter-term and longer-term mortality across the age spectrum in adults. METHODS: We used data from 11 247 adults of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Cox multivariable regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of shorter-term (0-10 years) and longer-term (10-20 years) all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality associated with risk factors. Models with interaction between baseline age and each risk factor were also fitted. RESULTS: During a 20-year follow-up, 2185 deaths occurred. Smoking, diabetes, male sex and albuminuria all independently predicted shorter- and longer-term all-cause and CVD mortality. Most associations were stronger in the shorter term compared to the longer term. A notable exception was the association between smoking and CVD mortality, which was stronger in the longer term (HR 3.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-4.90) compared to the shorter term (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.33-3.20). The magnitude of association between most risk factors and mortality attenuated with age. CONCLUSIONS: Classical risk factors for total and CVD mortality remain important up to 20 years after their measurement. In unselected adult cohorts, longer-term follow-up (e.g. beyond 10 years) may not provide additional information on associations of risk factors with mortality beyond that obtained in shorter-term follow-up.

Source: Internal Medicine Journal

DOI: 10.1111/imj.70015

Authors: Dunya Tomic, Agus Salim, Elizabeth L. M. Barr, Paul Z. Zimmet, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw