Work

Social Determinants of Health in the Development of Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is characterized by the interactions among the metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Social determinants of health (SDOH) include society, economy, environment, community and psychological factors, which correspond with cardiovascular and kidney events of the CKM population. SDOH are integral components throughout the entire spectrum of CKM, acting as key contributors from initial preventative measures to ongoing management, as well as in the formulation of health policies and the conduct of research, serving as vital instruments in the pursuit of health equity and the improvement of health standards. This article summarizes the important role of SDOH in CKM syndrome and explores the prospects of comprehensive management based on SDOH. It is hoped that these insights will offer valuable contributions to improving CKM-related issues and enhancing health standards.

Source: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

DOI: 10.31083/rcm26580

Authors: Xinyi Cai, Tuo Li

Institutions: Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Public Health and Social Inequalities

Subfield: Health

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,200