MPC based frequency control of an autonomous microgrid integrated with electric vehicles
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Although electric vehicles (EVs) offer bidirectional charging and can serve as mobile energy storage units, integrating them into microgrids and enabling them to participate in load frequency control (LFC) has proven to be a significant challenge. One of the crucial issues is the unpredictability of EV usage patterns, which can lead to sudden fluctuations in generation-demand balance. This unpredictability makes it difficult to coordinate EV charging and discharging with the grid's frequency control needs. Classical control techniques lack the capability to handle the EV’s stochastic behavior. To address this, the study proposes the integration of a battery energy storage system to maintain continuous generation – demand balance. Then, a finite horizon model predictive control (MPC) is applied for the LFC of a two-area islanded MG integrated with the EV charging station. The MPC generates the optimal signals for the optimal adjustment of the power generation of the dispatchable sources as well as the EV aggregators. In order to assess the asymptotic stability of the system, local input-to-state stability (ISS) criterion is used. The simulation results reveal the superior performance of the MPC controller under step and random disturbances. The improved performance is evident from the smaller frequency nadir, shorter settling time, lower RoCoF, effective constraint handling and faster convergence compared to other control schemes.
Source: Results in Engineering
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,940
OpenAlex ID: W4408954347