Work

Designing hybrid energy storage systems for steady green hydrogen production in residential areas: A GIS-based framework

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The constant operation of water electrolyzers prevents degradation caused by operational fluctuations, preserving performance. This study introduces a MILP-based design framework for hybrid energy storage systems , integrating photovoltaic systems , Lithium-ion batteries, and alkaline electrolyzers operating at constant rated conditions. The framework targets energy-independent residential users, fully meeting electrical loads while incorporating spatial analysis via a GIS-based management module. Applied to the Italian context, the framework uses historical data for residential end-users with 1.5 − 3.0 kW electrical loads. The results indicate photovoltaic systems sized between 3.0 − 4.5 kW, Lithium-ion batteries with 6.0 − 7.0 kWh capacity, and alkaline electrolyzers sized at 100 − 260 W for daily loads of 2.8 − 6.0 kWh. Lithium-ion batteries account for approximately 60 % of the total system cost. A levelized hydrogen cost of 12 − 19 €/kg is required to cover the overall investment costs. Additionally, the system offers environmental benefits, with CO 2 emission reductions of approximately 0.35 to 0.83 tons per user annually.

Source: Applied Energy

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125765

Authors: Lingkang Jin, Mosè Rossi, Andrea Monforti Ferrario, Francesca Mennilli, Gabriele Comodi

Institutions: Eindhoven University of Technology, Marche Polytechnic University

Language: English

Topic: Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology

Field: Energy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,430