PM10 exposure in beauty salons: impact on A549 cell viability, cell cycle, oxidative stress, and mutagenicity
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Beauty salons are unique indoor environments where elevated PM 10 levels may arise from frequent use of personal care and cosmetic products, potentially exposing salon workers and clients to harmful chemicals. This study aimed to assess the biological effects of PM 10 collected indoors and outdoors of a beauty salon, as well as the mutagenic potential of PM 10 -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Using the MTT test, a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed in human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549) exposed to PM 10 , with indoor samples causing more pronounced effects than outdoor and background air. Indoor PM 10 exposure also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused an arrest in the G1 phase of cell cycle. These biological responses were correlated with the concentrations of various compounds, including organic carbon (OC), aliphatic carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and alkyl esters of fatty acids. No mutagenic effects were observed for all PAH samples tested using the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. The findings suggest that beauty salons might have elevated levels of PM 10 , capable of inducing cytotoxic and oxidative stress-related effects and cell cycle disruption. Although no mutagenic activity was detected, the presence of harmful chemicals highlights potential health risks for workers and clients. • High levels of PM 10 in beauty salons expose workers and clients to harmful chemicals. • Indoor PM 10 in beauty salons causes dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in A549 cells. • Indoor PM 10 induces oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. • Indoor PM 10 effects are linked to organic carbon, acids, and alkyl ester compounds. • No mutagenic effects were observed for PM 10 -bound PAHs.
Institutions: Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, University of Aveiro
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,540
OpenAlex ID: W4409010201