Work

Droplet-Shaped-Mesa Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays With Narrow Linewidth and Small Beam Divergence

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays are increasingly utilized as light sources in modern lidar and three-dimensional optical sensing systems owing to their strong coherence and high beam quality. In this article, a narrow-linewidth in-phase mode output VCSEL array is demonstrated, employing a droplet-shaped-mesa and evanescent wave, to improve the coupling efficiency and coherence. The maximum coupling efficiency is determined theoretically to be 32.6% with a 77.3° droplet tip angle, exactly twice of the total reflection angle. The wavelength redshift rate of the droplet-shaped-mesa VCSEL array is 0.03 nm/mA, which is 30% that of a single VCSEL. The full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the fabricated 1 × 2 VCESL array is 0.14nm, which is 32.5% that of the single device. Finally, the far-field divergences at 1/e2peak intensity in the horizontal and vertical directions are 8.3° and 8.6°, respectively, which are 47.1% and 46.6% lower than that of a single VCSEL device of the same size.

Source: Journal of Lightwave Technology

DOI: 10.1109/jlt.2025.3555642

Authors: Yun Fei Liu, Chong Li, Chen Hui Zhang, Zhi Yong Wang

Institution: Beijing University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,645

Funder: National Natural Science Foundation of China