Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The graph ???? consists of an ordered pair (????, ????), where ???? represents a nonempty set of elements called vertices for graph ????, and ???? is a family of unordered pairs that may be free of vertices in graph ???? and is called edges for graph ????. G called a simple graph if has not loops and without parallel edges, all graphs that used in this paper are simple graph. The degree of a vertex is number of edges E(G) at that vertex V(G) or V(u) where and are denoted for degree of vertex [1] [2].
Author: Munira W. Mahan
Institution: University of Basrah
Language: English
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4409083136