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Clostridioides difficile infections at Landspítali University Hospital 2017-2022

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology, severity, treatment, and prognosis of patients with C. difficile infections (CDI) diagnosed at Landspítali University Hospital from 2017-2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of adult patients at Landspítali with double-positive (PCR + ELISA) diagnostic tests. If the same patient had two or more positive samples within a 28-day period, they were considered to reflect the same infection, and the latter samples were excluded. RESULTS: Overall, 358 CDI were identified in 301 patients. The majority of cases were diagnosed in women (59.5%). The incidence of healthcare-associated CDI was 3.23 infections/10.000 in-hospital days (range 2.65 - 3.26). Incidence of community-associated CDI was 0.57 infections/10.000 inhabitants of the Reykjavik metropolitan area. Incidence was positively correlated with increasing age and remained similar throughout the study period. The recurrence rate during the study period was 15.3% with a mean follow-up period of 1.6 person-years. At least 85.5% of patients had taken antibiotics within a month before diagnosis, most commonly from the penicillin class (57.8%), followed by cephalosporins (51.5%). More than half (54.7%) of patients had taken proton pump inhibitors preceding diagnosis. Metronidazole was the most common initial treatment (63.0%). Of these, 29.4% of cases required further treatment within 28 days of treatment start. Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed in 13 cases. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 7.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of CDI at Landspítali has remained stable and comparable to what has been reported in Europe during the same period. Most patients had one or more risk factors present. Most received antibiotics as treatment, most commonly metronidazole. The results of this study indicate that incidence and clinical presentation of CDI in Iceland are stable, whilst novel treatment options look promising.

Source: Læknablaðið

DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2025.04.834

Authors: Arnar Sigtryggson, Kristjan Helgason, Agnar Bjarnason, Magnus Gottfredsson

Institutions: University of Iceland, National University Hospital of Iceland

Language: English

Topic: Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research

Subfield: Infectious Diseases

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W4409086992