The interaction of task complexity and gender on mental rotation skills in primary school students
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: The perception and manipulation of spatial information are essential for mathematical learning, and research highlights gender differences in spatial abilities. The present study contributes to the question of whether these differences are evident at earlier ages and how they interact with task complexity in mental rotation. We developed the ‘MEntal Reflection and ROtation’ (MERRO) test for group testing in elementary schools, distinguishing between difficulty- and complexity-generating factors, such as context, dimensionality, rotation angle, and number of rotation axes. A pre-study with 148 secondary school students validated the MERRO as suitable for assessing mental rotation skills with another available instrument appropriate for that age group. The main study, involving 387 primary school students (grade 1-grade 4), identified difficulty-generating and complexity-generating factors and investigated potential early gender differences in spatial abilities. Results revealed that stimulus characteristics significantly impact task complexity, and that these characteristics partly interact with gender. These findings offer new insights into the nuanced development of spatial abilities in early mathematics education.
DOI: 10.29333/iejme/16234
Authors: Dinah Reuter, Frank Reinhold
Institution: University of Education Freiburg
Language: English
Subfield: Automotive Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4409111387