Volatile methylsiloxanes in beauty and personal care products sold in India and human exposure assessment
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigated the presence of cyclic and linear volatile methylsiloxanes in 174 beauty and personal care products (PCPs) sold in India. Siloxanes were detected in all the samples with a detection frequency of 20 to 99 %. The cyclic siloxanes viz. decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) were predominant in all the samples, and the total concentration of cyclic siloxanes was as high as 773,000 μg g −1 . About 40 % of the samples exceeded the European Union guideline value (0.1 %) for wash-off and leave-on products. The estimated per-capita run-off emissions of total siloxanes from beauty and PCPs were between 158,000 and 2,680,000 μg day −1 (average: 988,000 μg day −1 ). Hair serum, makeup remover, body wash, face wash, and shaving foam showed higher average per-capita run-off emissions for total siloxanes (range: 2950 to 505,000 μg day −1 ). The estimated per-capita air emissions of siloxanes were between 42,600 to 1,950,000 μg day −1 (average: 551,000 μg day −1 ). Hair serums, moisturizers, deodorants , foundation, primers, lip colour, makeup removers, and aftershaves were the major contributors to air emissions (0.44 to 56.3 %). The average dermal and inhalation exposure to siloxanes from using beauty and PCPs was 4020 and 642 μg kg-bw −1 day −1 , respectively. The average daily dermal and inhalation doses for ∑octamethylmethycyclotertrasiloxane (D4) + D5 were 16.9 and 172 μg kg-bw −1 day −1 , respectively, which is higher than the chronic reference dose for inhalation exposure. Among the studied siloxanes, cyclic siloxanes predominantly contributed to consumer exposure from applying beauty and PCPs.
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,250
OpenAlex ID: W4409114414