An integrated analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach for solar site selection in Punjab (India): Evaluating potential for sustainable energy development
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The rapid growth in energy demand and the urgent need to minimize environmental impacts have intensified the search for sustainable energy solutions. Solar energy is found to be one of the most promising renewable energy sources, as it offers a clean, reliable and sustainable way to meet growing energy demands without harming the environment. However, the effectiveness of solar power generation heavily depends on selecting the right location. Given the many conflicting factors influencing the solar site selection process, determining the ideal sites before building such facilities is essential. This study evaluates and ranks possible solar sites in Punjab, India, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Seven main criteria—solar irradiation, land cost, distance to transmission lines, transmission line capacity, distance to the nearest road, environmental sensitivity, and proximity to water bodies—were considered in this approach. Five different sites in the Indian state of Punjab—Amritsar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Bathinda, and Jalandhar were analyzed in this study. AHP method was applied to find out the relative weights of the evaluation criteria. The TOPSIS algorithm was applied to rank the alternatives. The experimental results showed that Bathinda was the most appropriate place, followed by Patiala, Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Jalandhar. The proposed AHP-TOPSIS technique offers a systematic approach for solar site selection in Punjab that considers the technical feasibility, economic viability and environmental sustainability. These results provide an insightful analysis for Punjab's stakeholders and policymakers, thereby supporting the state's sustainable energy objectives and helping to meet rising energy consumption while reducing environmental consequences. This study offers a systematic and replicable model for solar site selection that can be applied to different areas, thereby helping to serve the larger objective of sustainable energy development. • AHP-TOPSIS framework was applied for solar site selection in Punjab, India. • Seven key criteria spanning technical, environmental and economic factors were analyzed. • AHP determined criteria weights, while TOPSIS ranked the most suitable solar sites. • Bathinda ranked as the top site followed by Patiala, Amritsar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar. • This study offers a systematic and replicable model for solar site selection.
Authors: Tanu Sharma, Amit Sarin
Institution: Punjab Technical University
Language: English
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $760
OpenAlex ID: W4409150366