An In Vitro Comparison of Nickel and Chromium Release from Crown and Loop Space Maintainers
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Introduction: The oral cavity provides the proper environment for the corrosive interaction between metals and saliva. Hazards of metals include hypersensitivity, dermatitis, etc. Stainless steel has been used routinely as a component of orthodontic appliances. In pediatric dentistry, stainless steel crowns have been used for a long time to restore mutilated primary teeth. Stainless steel crowns comprise base metal alloys that consist primarily of nickel (7-22%), chromium (11.5-27%), and carbon (0.25%). The increasing prevalence of early childhood caries and mutilated dentition compels the pedodontist to use multiple stainless steel crowns and space maintainers. The leaching of nickel and chromium, therefore, is a cause for concern from the crowns, bands, and wires. Aim: biodegradation of nickel and chromium from crowns to loop space maintainers made of crowns from three different companies in artificial saliva. Materials and methods: About 30 crown and loop space maintainers fabricated from Kids Crowns, 3M ESPE Crowns, and Hu-Friedy Pedo Crowns were used. The number of space maintainers in each group was 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. These were placed in separate glass beakers containing 100 mL of artificial saliva at 37°C for 4 weeks. Analysis for nickel and chromium ions was done on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. Results: The total release of nickel and chromium from all crown and loop space maintainers ranged from 0.0 to 0.10 ppm and 0.0 to 0.019 ppm, respectively. Statistical analysis used: Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: The overall maximum release of nickel ions was seen from Hu-Friedy Pedo Crowns and was least for Kids Crowns. Chromium showed the maximum release from 3M ESPE Crowns, whereas Kids Crowns and Hu-Friedy Pedo Crowns showed the least. These values were well below the average dietary intake of these metals. How to cite this article: Comparison of Nickel and Chromium Release from Crown and Loop Space Maintainers. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(2):203-209.
Authors: Manpreet Kour, Ashish Anand, Nidhi Agarwal, Popinder Singh
Language: English
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4409177380