A Silent Threat: Multisystem Congenital Syphilis in a Preterm Neonate- a Case Report and Call for Enhanced Prenatal Screening
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Background: Congenital syphilis a preventable disease, continue to pose a signicant public health challenge globally. Despite advancements in maternal healthcare, inadequate screening and treatment during pregnancy have led to resurgence of this condition, resulting in severe neonatal complications. Case Presentation: A preterm female neonate, born at 33 weeks of gestation with birth weight of 1470 grams presented with respiratory distress requiring CPAP support. Clinical examination revealed distinctive copper-red maculopapular lesions over palms and soles with desquamation and signicant hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations: Laboratory studies showed anemia (Hb 10 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelets 75,000/ L), leukocytosis (WBC 84,000/ L), and cholestatic jaundice (total bilirubin 10.7 mg/dL, direct 4.1 mg/dL). Radiographs demonstrated metaphyseal demineralization. cerebrospinal uid analysis conrmed neurosyphilis with a reactive VDRL titer (1:4). Auditory assessment revealed bilateral hearing loss. Diagnosis and Treatment: The constellation of clinical and laboratory ndings conrmed early congenital syphilis with neurosyphilis. Treatment with intravenous aqueous crystalline penicillin G was initiated according to standard guidelines. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical importance of maternal syphilis screening during pregnancy, particularly in high incidence areas. Early diagnosis and treatment within the rst three months of life are essential to prevent long term sequelae and complications.
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4409181843