Work

Painful Pebbles

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The review addresses kidney stone disease (KSD), which includes nephrolithiasis , urolithiasis, and associated systemic co-morbidities. KSD affects one in 11 American adults, with rising prevalence, particularly in women. It discusses risk factors (environmental, behavioral, genetic, dietary) and complications, including kidney disease , cardiovascular disease, and others. Diagnosis involves history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging. Management of acute renal colic focuses on pain relief and assessing spontaneous stone passage, with medical expulsive therapy for select cases. Prevention strategies include fluid intake, dietary modifications, and medications. The selection of surgical options, such as shockwave lithotripsy , ureteroscopy , and percutaneous nephrolithotomy , depends on stone size, density, and location. The complexity of KSD emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary management approach.

Source: Physician Assistant Clinics

DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2025.01.005

Authors: Harvey A. Feldman, Christy Wilson

Institutions: Nova Southeastern University, WellStar Health System

Language: English

Topic: Kidney Stones and Urolithiasis Treatments

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,700