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Spinal and corticospinal excitability changes with voluntary modulation of motor cortex oscillations

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EEG neurofeedback (NF)-induced modulation of sensorimotor alpha (i.e., mu) rhythm on spinal and corticospinal tract (CST) excitability. METHODS: . RESULTS: (p-value < 0.044, |r|>0.42), while spinal excitability changes were correlated to broad mu power modulation (p-value < 0.04, |r|> 0.43). While no distinct effect of NF on spinal versus CST excitability was found, the correlations indicate an inverted U-shape relationship between cortical and subcortical excitability. The trends of the correlations between spinal/CST excitability change and EEG power change were preserved when participants were grouped by success at NF task, and by mu modulation outcome, indicating that the net effect of power change at Cz weighs more than the task the participants attempted to accomplish. CONCLUSIONS: The consistent direction of mu power correlation with both MEP, tested after NF, and H-reflex, tested during NF, indicates that modifications in mu activity are associated with spinal and CST adaptations lasting beyond the NF session, evidencing neuroplasticity. Together with the inverted U-shape relationship found between amplitude of mu modulation and spinal/CST excitability change, the results provide support for further research and clinical implementation of NF to induce CNS plasticity, a prerequisite for effective neural rehabilitation.
Source: NeuroImage
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121156
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,540
OpenAlex ID: W4409203396
FWCI:
Cites: 93
Cited by:
Related to: 10