Work

BLE-Based Cooperative Awareness for Miniature UAVs: Simulation and Experimental Analysis

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Cooperative Awareness (CA) is an integral part of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and targeted to ensure safe and efficient transportation in the future. Miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely utilized in various applications due to their ever-increasing functionalities. Thus, it is a matter of time until the need to integrate them into ITS and human-centric communication ecosystems arises. To enable the benefits of ITS to miniature UAVs, in this paper, a low-cost, low-power, novel UAV-CA Message (CAM) scheme for indoor and outdoor based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio access technology is introduced. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept implementation is developed for this BLE-based UAV-CAM, and its performance is investigated using analytical, experimental, and simulation methods. Notably, both the performance for CA over BLE4 legacy advertising and the extended advertising introduced in BLE5 are reported. Our results demonstrate that BLE is able to produce a power-efficient, scalable solution with sufficient range capabilities while keeping up with the traffic requirements of CAM.

Source: IEEE Internet of Things Journal

DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2025.3559304

Authors: Sandaruwan Jayaweera, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Matti Hämäläinen

Institution: University of Oulu

Language: English

Topic: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,645