Work

Development of the Aquatic Competence Assessment for Children (ACA-C): A Tool for Measuring Personal Aquatic Competence Index

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study developed and validated the Aquatic Competence Assessment for Children (ACA-C), an instrument designed to measure personal aquatic competence index in children aged 6 to 12 years. Aquatic competence is essential for water safety and the promotion of healthy habits, yet few validated tools integrate its multiple dimensions. The ACA-C is based on an ecological approach, considering the interaction between the child and various aquatic environments, both artificial (swimming pools) and natural (seas, rivers, and lakes). It is structured into three dimensions: aquatic literacy, drowning prevention, and environmental education, facilitating its application in diverse contexts. METHODS: The ACA-C was validated using the Delphi method, with experts in aquatic education and safety. Kendall's W coefficient of concordance was employed to measure the level of agreement among judges, ensuring rigorous criteria for item selection. Additionally, pilot studies were conducted with children in controlled aquatic environments to refine the instrument's structure and content. RESULTS: The results demonstrated high reliability and validity of the ACA-C for assessing children's aquatic competence. This tool enables the identification of both actual and perceived competence levels, guiding pedagogical strategies for improvement. The inclusion of environmental education reinforces a comprehensive approach, fostering safety, responsible decision making, and enjoyment of aquatic environments. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a validated instrument for use in educational and preventive contexts, contributing to water safety and well-being.

Source: Children

DOI: 10.3390/children12040484

Authors: Rita Fonseca-Pinto, Juan Antonio Moreno Murcia

Institution: Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx

Language: English

Topic: Education, Safety, and Science Studies

Subfield: Safety Research

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Quality education, Clean water and sanitation

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896