Case report of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements presenting as compartment syndrome of the leg
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)/high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements ("double-hit" lymphoma) is an uncommon subtype of mature B-cell lymphoma characterized by the concurrent rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 oncogenes. Rarely, aggressive high-grade lymphomas manifest as compartment syndrome, necessitating urgent surgical intervention. Here, we describe a case of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with an unusual presentation of compartment syndrome. Case Description: gene rearrangements arising in the setting of immunodeficiency/dysregulation (lymphoma associated with HIV infection). Despite aggressive medical management in the intensive care unit, the patient succumbed to the disease and ultimately died from sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. Conclusions: High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements represents an aggressive lymphoma with a poor prognosis. The unusual manifestation of this lymphoma involving skeletal muscle and presenting as compartment syndrome is rare. Unfortunately, the patient passed away shortly after undergoing debridement surgery. This case highlights the importance for clinicians to be vigilant and attentive to atypical presentations, as delays in diagnosis and treatment can have significant consequences. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in saving the patient's life.
Source: AME Case Reports
DOI: 10.21037/acr-24-154
Authors: Xin Wang, Noureldien Darwish, Xiaoyan Huang
Institution: Albany Medical College
Language: English
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4409353420