Work

Ten Years of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia: The Critical Assessment and Future Directions

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper looks at how China’s use of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in its policy towards Central Asia (CA) has changed since 2013 and what this change signalizes regarding China’s use of the BRI at international forums. To answer these research questions, the paper focuses on Central Asia – once dubbed “the first strand of the BRI” (R. Pantucci); the region where China has “tested” many institutions of its international engagement; and where the BRI was introduced in 2013. To answer the research questions, this study draws from analyzing literature and sources in Russian, Chinese, English, and Polish. This study is primarily empirically oriented. This study finds that at its 10, the BRI will focus on connectivity, clean energy, and new technologies. It also finds that despite the high profile of the Green BRI and many relevant agreements, only a fraction of projects are branded “Green BRI.” It thus argues that the BRI has served as a legitimizing “umbrella” label for various Chinese policy initiatives, which are realized via other cooperation formats.

Source: Polish Political Science Yearbook

DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202505

Author: Elżbieta Proń

Institution: University of Silesia in Katowice

Language: English

Topic: Belt and Road Initiative

Subfield: Economics and Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: diamond

Funders: Harvard University, Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University