Work

Comparative Evaluation of Transient Stability in MMCs: Grid-Forming vs. Grid-Following Strategies

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper explores how different control strategies—grid-forming and grid-following—impact the transient stability of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) interfacing with AC power grids. By employing electromagnetic transient simulation tools (PSCAD/EMTDC) on an adapted IEEE three-machine, nine-bus system, various scenarios are analyzed, including faults of differing types and locations. In the simulation, traditional synchronous generators (SGs) are replaced by MMCs configured under distinct control modes. Results indicate that grid-forming (GFM) control enhances the receiving-end grid’s transient stability by providing superior phase support and extended fault-clearing times compared to grid-following (GFL) control, with hybrid approaches yielding intermediate performance. These findings underline the importance of converter control selection in achieving robust dynamic operation in modern power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy.

Source: Energies

DOI: 10.3390/en18082043

Authors: Wenjia Zhang, Zhuyi Peng, Wanchun Qi, Sixuan Xu, Hui Cai, Wentao Sun

Institution: State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China)

Language: English

Topic: HVDC Systems and Fault Protection

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137