Work

Open Source, Open Science: Development of the Open Landing Error Scoring System as the Automated Landing Error Scoring System

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Context: The Open Landing Error Scoring System (OpenLESS) is a novel development aimed at automating the LESS for assessment of lower extremity movement quality during a jump-landing task. With increasing utilization of clinical measures to monitor outcomes and limited time during clinical visits for a lengthy analysis of functional movement, there is a pressing need to extend automation efforts. Addressing these issues, OpenLESS is an open-source tool that utilizes a freely available markerless motion capture system to automate the LESS using three-dimensional kinematics. Objective: To describe the development of OpenLESS, examine the validity against expert rater LESS scores in healthy and clinically relevant cohorts, and assess the intersession reliability collected across four time points in an athlete cohort. Design: Observational. Participants: 92 participants (72 females and 20 males, mean age 23.3 years) from healthy, post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR; median 33 months since surgery), and amateur athlete cohorts. Main Outcome Measures: A software package, "OpenLESS," was developed to interpret movement quality (LESS score) from kinematics captured from markerless motion capture. Validity and reliability were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measure (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: >0.89), with a SEM of 0.98 errors and MDC of 2.72 errors. Conclusion: OpenLESS shows promise as an efficient, automated tool for clinically assessing jump-landing quality, with good validity versus experts in healthy and post-ACLR populations, and excellent field reliability, addressing the need for objective movement analysis. KEY POINTS: OpenLESS accurately detected jump-landing events (ICC>0.99) using markerless motion capture, validating its use as an alternative to laboratory-based force plate measurements.The automated scoring system showed good agreement with expert raters in healthy (ICC=0.79) and post-ACLR (ICC=0.88) populations.OpenLESS demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.89) across multiple testing sessions, with minimal score variation, supporting its utility for longitudinal movement assessment.

Source: Journal of Athletic Training

DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0666.24

Authors: Jeffrey A. Turner, Elaine T. Reiche, Matthew T. Hartshorne, Connor C. Lee, Joanna M. Blodgett, Darin A. Padua