Work

The Complexities of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Insights into Ehrlichia canis and Its Vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a highly infectious disease with zoonotic potential. Ehr-lichia canis, the causative agent, is primarily transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Tick infesta-tion and tick-borne diseases (TBD) are serious human and veterinary health problems due to lack of efficient control measures. This review aims to provide information about CME, detailing ep-idemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and current strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The review delves into biology of R. sanguineus, exploring lifecycle, habitat and mechanisms of E. canis transmission. Ehrlichia canis infection follows a three-phase transition: acute, subclinical and chronic, with distinct clinical signs, from mild to severe and even life threatening in some cases, with potential for asymptomatic long-term carriers acting as reservoirs. Pathogenesis involves complex interactions between the pathogen and host immune responses, influencing disease severity and progression. Additionally, the review highlights challenges in controlling CME due to the widespread distribution of R. sanguineus. Genetic diversity within R. sanguineus populations and their varying vector competence further complicate control efforts. Role of environmental changes in ticks’ distribution align control of CME within the OneHealth concept, integrating approaches to improve outcomes for humans, animals and environment. Preventive measures on tick control and potential vaccine development are also reviewed.

Source: Microbiology Research

DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres16040085