Work

Harvesting random telegraph noise for true random number generation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: At first glance, Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) in deeply scaled CMOS transistors may seem like a reliability nuisance. Yet, behind the discrete trapping-and-detrapping events lurks a potent source of hardware entropy. In this paper, we harness RTN to build a dual-purpose security module that serves as both a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) and a True Random Number Generator (TRNG). By measuring the so-called Maximum Current Fluctuation (MCF) at carefully chosen observation windows, our design switches effortlessly between the stable outputs needed for a PUF and the maximally unpredictable bitstreams demanded by a TRNG. Although single-defect RTN has long been deemed ideal for randomness, we show that multi-defect RTN scenarios, much more prevalent in real-world manufacturing, can also yield high-quality random bits, especially when aided by lightweight post-processing. Simple statistical metrics guide the initial tuning, after which the final bitstreams pass the NIST SP 800-22 test suite to validate the statistical soundness of our proposal. In doing so, we address key challenges that arise when designing an RTN-based TRNG and compare our results against state-of-the-art solutions, highlighting advantages in circuit simplicity, bit-rate scalability, and dual-use capability.

Source: AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155801

Authors: F.J. Rubio-Barbero, F. de los Santos-Prieto, R. Castro-Lopez, E. Roca, F.V. Fernandez

Institutions: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla

Language: English

Topic: Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security

Subfield: Hardware and Architecture

Field: Computer Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,090