Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The Meissner effect is a hallmark of superconductivity arising from the interplay between charged superfluids and electromagnetic fields. However, superfluidity can also occur in systems of charge-neutral particles with magnetic or electric dipole moments, such as Bose-Einstein condensates of magnons or excitons. Despite this interest, the electromagnetic response of dipole superfluids, including potential analogues or contrasts to the Meissner effect, remains poorly understood. Here we develop a Ginzburg-Landau theory to describe dipole superfluids subjected to a pseudo-magnetic field, which is induced by a spatially modulating electromagnetic field. In magnetic dipole superfluids, the response differs strikingly from the conventional Meissner effect: the external field is enhanced by a positive feedback, forming a vortex lattice separated by singular domain walls with diverging electric charges. In contrast, electric dipole superfluids exhibit screening akin to superconductors, where the pseudo-magnetic field is suppressed except near vortices. The electromagnetic response of dipole superfluids, including potential analogues to the Meissner effect, remains poorly understood. This paper develops a phenomenological theory and shows that magnetic-dipole superfluids form vortex lattices separated by singular domain walls with concentrated electric charge, while electric-dipole superfluids exhibit vortex lattices resembling those in conventional superconductors.
Source: Communications Physics
Authors: Kazuki Yamamoto, Takuto Kawakami, Mikito Koshino
Institution: The University of Osaka
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,990
Awards: G2734961767, 高次スピンと対称性に起因するトポロジカル現象の理論, Theoretical study on physical properties of moiré meta-materials, G4179775228, G5285115859, Moire pumping in van der Waals junctions of 2D materials, Theoretical study of novel topological phases with multiple degrees of freedom, G6718509927, Topological phonons in twisted 2D materials
OpenAlex ID: W4409544554