Work

Management and Outcomes of Adverse Events Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.As a result, approximately half of patients with HCC received systemic therapy during the disease course.In recent years, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-notably, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and tremelimumab plus durvalumab-has transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced HCC, making them a firstline treatment option.Considering the increasing use of ICIs, understanding the incidence and appropriate management of their adverse events (AEs) is necessary for patient care.Hence, this review summarizes the incidence and management strategies for key immune-related AEs, including liver injury (hepatitis), thyroiditis, colitis, skin rash, and pneumonitis.Additionally, we discuss AEs associated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, such as hypertension, proteinuria, and bleeding.By thoroughly understanding these treatment-related AEs, the clinical outcomes of patients with HCC undergoing ICI-based therapy may be improved.

Source: Journal of Digestive Cancer Research

DOI: 10.52927/jdcr.2025.13.1.65

Authors: Soon Kyu Lee, Bo Hyun Kim

Institutions: The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, National Cancer Center

Language: English

Topic: Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Subfield: Oncology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Funders: National Research Foundation, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea