Fabrication of calcium alginate/gum arabic/egg shell composite microbeads for adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This study focuses on the design and application of calcium alginate/gum arabic/eggshell powder composite microbeads (CA/GA/ES10) for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions through the adsorption method. The characterization of adsorbents was conducted utilizing ATR-FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, and pH pzc . The pH pzc value of CA/GA/ES10 composite microbeads was determined as 5.56. From optimization studies, the contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH values were determined as 60 min, 0.1 g/50 mL, and ≅ 7, respectively. The adsorption raw data have been utilized in the non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips models. The maximum adsorption capacity of CA/GA/ES10 composite microbeads, as per the Sips, was determined to be 33.30 mg/g at 298 K. The high correlation coefficients ( $$r^{2}$$ r 2 = 0.9976) and low error functions ( $$\chi^{2}$$ χ 2 = 0.03) indicate that the non-linear Langmuir is the most appropriate isotherm for the adsorption process. From the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 29.71 mg/g at 298 K. The adsorption process adheres to a non-linear pseudo-second-order ( $$r^{2}$$ r 2 = 0.9999) and Elovich ( $$r^{2}$$ r 2 = 0.9999) models. According to thermodynamic results, the adsorption process occurs exothermic ( $$\Delta H^{^\circ } = - 3.77\;{\text{kJ/mol}}$$ Δ H ∘ = - 3.77 kJ/mol ) and spontaneous ( $$\Delta G^{^\circ } = - 25.83\;{\text{kJ/mol}}\;{\text{at}}\;298\;{\text{K}}$$ Δ G ∘ = - 25.83 kJ/mol at 298 K ) in nature. The impact of varying salt concentrations on the adsorption process was assessed. According to the salt effect, the removal percentage decreased from 81.12 to 65.15% with the addition of NaCl, and from 81.12 to 58.78% with the addition of CaCl 2 . The reusability tests show that the composite microbeads created can be used repeatedly for up to 7 cycles. After the 7th cycle, the removal of MB dye decreased from 81.11 to 53.45%. All results showed that the prepared ternary composite microbeads are effective adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions. Graphical abstract
Source: Macromolecular Research
Authors: Melike Nisa Sandikci, Birol Isik
Institution: Yıldız Technical University
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,390
OpenAlex ID: W4409697917