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Maternal Anaemia and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Case–Control Study Using Linked Electronic Health Records in the United Kingdom

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assessment of whether maternal anaemia in early pregnancy is associated with offspring congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN: Matched case-control study. SETTING: January 1998-October 2020, United Kingdom. POPULATION: Women with a haemoglobin measurement in the first 100 days of pregnancy and a CHD-diagnosed child. METHODS: Data were extracted from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database of electronic health records. Cases were 2,776 women with a CHD-diagnosed child. These were compared to 13 880 matched controls, women without a CHD-diagnosed child. Anaemia was classified as < 110 g/L haemoglobin following the WHO definition. A conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusted for potential maternal demographic and health-related confounders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Offspring CHD diagnosed within 5 years of birth. RESULTS: 123 (4.4%) cases and 390 (2.8%) controls had anaemia. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of giving birth to a CHD-diagnosed child were 47% higher among anaemic mothers (adjusted OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18,1.83, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The observed association between maternal anaemia in early pregnancy and increased risk of offspring CHD supports our recent evidence in mice. Approximately two-thirds of anaemia cases globally are due to iron deficiency. A clinical trial of periconceptional iron supplementation might be a minimally invasive and low-cost intervention for the prevention of some CHD if iron deficiency anaemia is proven to be a cause.

Source: BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.18150

Authors: Manisha Nair, Cynthia W. Drakesmith, Margaret Smith, Clare R. Bankhead, Duncan B. Sparrow

Institution: University of Oxford

Language: English

Topic: Congenital Heart Disease Studies

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $5,190