Unmet Need for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus, San Francisco, 2023
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and resulting anal cancer. Guidelines for HPV vaccination for MSM older than 26 years recommend shared clinical decision making. Our objectives were to measure history of HPV vaccination and identify disparities in vaccination in a community-recruited sample of MSM in 2023 in San Francisco. METHODS: Data originated from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. Time-location sampling recruited participants through outreach at venues where MSM congregate during randomly selected times. Face-to-face interviews collected demographics, risk and preventive behaviors, access to health care, and HIV status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with HPV vaccination. RESULTS: Among 497 MSM respondents, 44.9% reported HPV vaccination. Human papillomavirus vaccination was more likely for MSM aged 18 to 29 years versus older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37-9.87), having a college degree versus less education (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.18-2.57), seeing a health care provider in the last 12 months (AOR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.62-8.01), and diagnosed with an sexually transmitted disease (AOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.30-2.99). Among MSM not living with HIV, using preexposure prophylaxis in the last 12 months had an increased odds of HPV vaccination (AOR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.69-7.63). CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of MSM in San Francisco reported HPV vaccination. We recommend health care providers verify vaccination history and more routinely offer HPV vaccine to unvaccinated MSM at any age. Men who have sex with men living with HIV should consider HPV vaccination given confirmed safety, strong immune response, and some data on efficacy, even while awaiting further clinical studies.
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4409753661