Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease. Historically, two COPD phenotypes have been described: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. However, these phenotypes provide additional properties of disease pathophysiology, but are not sufficient to reflect the heterogeneity of COPD, and do not provide a detailed classification that provides specific treatments for specific treatments, except for the enthusiastic glucocorticoids (ICS) of patients with chronic bronchitis. This overview describes the COPD phenotype. The COPD phenotype provides predictions and/or provisions for a particular treatment. However, we also discuss phenotypes such as COPD, which are additional predictions for future clinical research predictions, but do not necessarily meet current diagnostic criteria for COPD.
DOI: 10.55041/ijsrem45751
Author: Bhumika Jitendra Chavan
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4409771000