CAM5, WRKY53, and TGA5 regulate defense gene expression mediated by the volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone in arabidopsis
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Plants produce ethyl vinyl ketone (evk) in response to biotic stress; however, the downstream defense responses triggered by evk remain unclear. Our research utilizing reverse-transcription quantitative PCR showed that evk treatment antagonized the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and that CALMODULIN 5 (CAM5) positively regulated WRKY53 expression, which, in turn, positively regulated the expression of SA-related genes. Additionally, the GST-pulldown assay, yeast two-hybrid assays, and luciferase complementation test all suggested that CAM5 and WRKY53 physically interacted and formed a complex that was unlocked by Ca 2+ to release WRKY53. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that WRKY53 enhanced the binding of TGA5 to the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 ( PR1 ) promoter, thereby enhancing the expression of the defense gene PR1 . Conversely, WRKY53 diminishes the binding of TGA5 to the PLANT DEFENSIN 1.2 ( PDF1.2 ) promoter and inhibits PDF1.2 expression. As the expression of WRKY53 decreases in later stages, this inhibitory effect weakens, allowing TGA5 to positively activate PDF1.2 expression. In this study, we propose a framework in which evk, as a resistance-inducing substance, facilitates the plant's ‘rescue’ through the regulation of defense-related gene expressions in Arabidopsis .
Institutions: Shanxi University, Dezhou University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,990
OpenAlex ID: W4409795533