Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor Modified by Nickel Nanoparticles for Urea Determination in Biological Fluids
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Urea level determination in biological fluids provides nutritional information regarding the body metabolism and/or the renal condition. In order to propose a rapid determination of this biomarker at low levels in biological fluid samples, the present work developed an electrochemical sensor based on a simple arrangement of a nickel-nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/NiNPs). Under optimal conditions for selective urea detection, a linear response was obtained in the range of 0.085 to 3.10 mmol L−1 (R = 0.9993), with a limit of detection of 60.0 µmol L−1 and limit of quantification of 198.0 µmol L−1. The GCE/NiNPs sensor showed recovery rates from samples from 105 ± 0.2% (hemodialysis wastewater) to 111 ± 0.3% (dialysate) for urea determination in biological fluid samples. The results obtained showed that the proposed method is relatively easy to operate and has a good degree of reliability and the satisfactory sensitivity required for monitoring urea, as well as exhibiting excellent detection capacity in the presence of possible interferents in both samples.
Source: Processes
DOI: 10.3390/pr13051306
Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
Awards: G1316565043, G1450647562, G1467195438, G1568492369, G1677423749, G1679834334, G2329905852, G2785167790, G2823776494, G2907441556, G310778639, G3270949172, G3572101131, G3610583079, G3758809232, INCT 2014: National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies, G5665366223, G6191138830, G6438247056, G7182338251, G786232505, G7925292611, G8936605294
OpenAlex ID: W4409812703