Work

Characterization of Degree Energies and Bounds in Spectral Fuzzy Graphs

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study explores the degree energy of fuzzy graphs to establish fundamental spectral bounds and characterize adjacency structures. We derive upper bounds on the sum of squared degree eigenvalues based on vertex degree distributions and formulate constraints using the characteristic polynomial of the maximum degree matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the average degree energy of a connected fuzzy graph remains strictly positive. The proposed framework is applied to protein–protein interaction networks, identifying critical proteins and enhancing network resilience analysis.

Source: Symmetry

DOI: 10.3390/sym17050644

Authors: Ruiqi Cai, Buvaneswari Rangasamy, Senbaga Priya Karuppusamy, Aysha Khan

Institutions: Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou, University of Technology and Applied Sciences - Al Mussanah, University of Technology and Applied Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Graph theory and applications

Subfield: Geometry and Topology

Field: Mathematics

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896

OpenAlex ID: W4409813374

FWCI: 3.523

Cites: 22

Cited by: 2

Related to: 10