Work

Heat transfer and mass transport in the ocean wave-driven free-surface boundary layer

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: We present a mathematical model to investigate heat transfer and mass transport dynamics in the wave-driven free-surface boundary layer of the ocean under the influence of long-crested progressive surface gravity waves. The continuity, momentum and convection–diffusion equations for fluid temperature are solved within a Lagrangian framework. We assume that eddy viscosity and thermometric conductivity are dependent on Lagrangian coordinates, and derive a new form of the second-order Lagrangian mass transport velocity, applicable across the entire finite water depth. We then analyse the convective heat dynamics influenced by the free-surface boundary layer. Rectangular distributions of free-surface temperature (i.e. a Dirichlet boundary condition) are considered, and analytical solutions for thermal boundary layer temperature fields are provided to offer insights into free-surface heat transfer mechanisms affected by ocean waves. Our results suggest the need to improve existing models that neglect the effects of free-surface waves and the free-surface boundary layer on ocean mass transport and heat transfer.

Source: Journal of Fluid Mechanics

DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2025.308

Authors: S. Michele, E. Renzi, A.G.L. Borthwick, T.S. van den Bremer

Institutions: University of Rome Tor Vergata, University of Plymouth, Northumbria University, Delft University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing

Subfield: Oceanography

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,550

OpenAlex ID: W4409820288