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From harm to Hope: How green innovation alleviates environmental injustice triggered by non-green innovation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of green and non-green innovation on environmental justice, with particular attention to the unequal pollution exposure experienced by low-income and minority communities in the United States. Based on firm-level data and multiple pollution indicators, including carbon emissions, toxic releases, and localized exposure metrics. The results show that non-green innovation is positively associated with environmental degradation, increasing the pollution burden borne by marginalized groups. In contrast, green innovation is found to alleviate certain types of environmental harm, especially with respect to localized pollutants such as fine particulate matter and specific toxic substances. These findings indicate that green innovation, when appropriately directed, can contribute to reducing environmental inequalities and improving conditions in vulnerable communities. The study highlights the importance of distinguishing between types of innovation and emphasizes the role of green innovation in supporting a more equitable transition toward environmental sustainability.

Source: International Review of Economics & Finance

DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.104122

Authors: Yali Fan, Xiuzhong Wang, Zhuoran Li, Wei Wu

Institutions: Nanchang University, University of Lincoln, Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade

Language: English

Topic: Environmental Justice and Health Disparities

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Reduced inequalities, Sustainable cities and communities, Peace, justice, and strong institutions, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,930