Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We describe an experiment in which we employ a radiofrequency sensor to measure pH changes in a liquid solution. The experiment is novel in a few ways. First, the sensor does not have contact with the liquid but rather detects the change from the outside of a PVC pipe. Second, the change is detected using a Linear Discriminant Analysis model using values from an inverse Fourier transform of the frequency data as its features. We believe this to be the first use of Fourier analysis in contactless pH measurement using radio frequencies.
Source: Sensors
DOI: 10.3390/s25092832
Authors: Dylan Gustafson, Dominic Klyve
Institution: Central Washington University
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W4409964280