Association of hypomagnesemia with chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between hypomagnesemia and chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) among patients visiting a tertiary care hospital. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from July 2024 to December 2024. A total of 303 patients aged 18 years and above, who had used a PPI for at least one month, were enrolled. Age, gender, body mass index, patient setting, duration and type of PPI used, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were documented. Serum magnesium levels were measured for all participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Hypomagnesemia was observed in 51.5% (n=156) patients. Patients with hypomagnesemia had a significantly higher mean age compared to those without (48.9±12.3 vs 38.2±11.4 years, p <0.001). On multivariate analysis, PPI use for more than six months (AOR:58.1, 95% CI: 22.2–152.5, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (AOR:23.1, 95% CI:6.4–82.6, p<0.001), and hypertension (AOR:3.2, 95% CI:1.4 – 7.1, p<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of hypomagnesemia. No significant differences in serum magnesium levels were found among patients using different types of PPIs (p=0.131). Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was found in 51.5% of patients, irrespective of PPI type. Significant risk factors included advanced age, prolonged PPI use, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Raising awareness among healthcare professionals about PPI’s potential adverse effects and advocating for prudent prescription practices is essential. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.5.11993 How to cite this: Hadi KN, Hadi NK, Bangash A, Rahim F. Association of hypomagnesemia with chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(5):1388-1392. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.5.11993 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Authors: Khushal Nadir Hadi, Niktash Khan Hadi, Ayesha Bangash, Fawad Rahim
Language: English
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $400
OpenAlex ID: W4410023671