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Combined vitamin K2 and D3 therapy improves endoscopic fusion outcomes in osteoporotic lumbar degenerative disease: a prospective study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The efficacy of combined vitamin K 2 and D 3 therapy on bone fusion outcomes following endoscopic lumbar surgery in osteoporotic patients remains unclear. This prospective study investigated the effects of combined vitamin K 2 and D 3 supplementation on fusion outcomes in osteoporotic patients undergoing endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Seventy-one patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 36) received vitamin K 2 (45 mg/day), vitamin D 3 (250 IU/day), and calcium (1.2 g/day), while the control group (n = 35) received only vitamin D 3 (250 IU/day) and calcium (1.2 g/day) for 6 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was fusion rate assessed by CT and dynamic radiography. At 6 months postoperatively, the VK 2 + VD 3 group showed significantly higher complete fusion rates compared to the control group (91.67% vs. 74.29%, P = 0.044). Serum P1NP levels were significantly higher in the VK 2 + VD 3 group at 3 months postoperatively ( P = 0.001). Both groups showed comparable improvements in clinical outcomes (JOA-BPEQ and ODI scores). While BMD changes were not statistically significant between groups, the VK 2 + VD 3 group showed a trend toward BMD improvement. These findings suggest that combined vitamin K 2 and D 3 supplementation may enhance early fusion outcomes in osteoporotic patients undergoing endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion, potentially offering a simple and effective adjunct therapy for improving surgical outcomes.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-99922-9