Work

Diagnostic accuracy of visual triage checklist in early recognition of COVID-19 cases in the pediatric population: A retrospective cohort study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare facilities developed surveillance systems to identify patients suspected of having COVID-19 to segregate them during their hospital stay. As a part of this infection control strategy, the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia developed a visual triage (VT) checklist for early screening and isolation of patients in the hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this visual triage checklist in identifying children with COVID-19. This was a retrospective, single center study that included all children who were tested for COVID-19 and were admitted to the hospital through the pediatric emergency department. The diagnostic accuracy of the visual triage checklist was assessed using COVID-19 PCR as the gold standard. A total of 1333 patients were included. The visual triage checklist had a sensitivity of 94.3% (95% CI: 87.2–98.1) and a specificity of 16.0% (95% CI: 14–18) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.55 (0.53–0.58). The positive predictive value of the checklist was low at 7.35% (95% CI: 5.9–9.0). The VT checklist has high sensitivity, and is therefore potentially useful as an initial screening tool. However, the diagnosis of COVID-19 requires early secondary confirmation to avoid the large number of false positive cases associated with this tool. What is already known on this topic? Healthcare institutions have developed and implemented infection control and surveillance measures during epidemics and pandemics to minimize disease transmission, protect healthcare workers and maintain essential services. One such strategy is traffic control bundling (TCB) that was developed in Taiwan in 2003 during the SARS outbreak. It was expanded upon by adding a Visual Triage checklist as a screening tool during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA. What does this study add? This study analyses the diagnostic accuracy of the visual triage checklist, which was used as a screening tool during the COVID-19 pandemic in hospital settings. We report the high sensitivity of the tool, enabling rapid isolation of most positive cases. How might this study affect research, practice or policy? VT checklist is a sensitive tool but requires inclusion in a two-tiered approach to identify individuals suspected of COVID-19. This study can serve as a basis to further develop and refine screening tools as part of infection control strategy during infectious disease outbreaks.

Source: BMC Pediatrics

DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05693-7