Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Central and Peripheral Nervous System Vasculitis
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) usually manifests as systemic vasculitis. AAV with central nervous system involvement in the form of mesenrhombencephalitis and peripheral neuropathy is extremely rare. We report a 59-year-old male patient who presented to a tertiary care hospital in Muscat, Oman, in 2024. He had a subacute presentation of altered sensorium, multiple cranial nerve palsy and ataxia with 3 months history of bilateral foot drop. Brain imaging was suggestive of mesenrhombencephalitis with subarachnoid and intraparenchymal haemorrhage. Nerve conduction studies revealed sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. Vasculitis profile showed perinuclear-ANCA positivity and the nerve biopsy was suggestive of vasculitic neuropathy. He was treated with intravenous steroids and maintained on rituximab. His neurological deficits improved with residual bilateral foot drop.
Authors: Abel T. Oommen, Arunodaya R. Gujjar, Suad Al-Jahdhami, Abdullah R. Al-Asmi, Ali Sajjad
Institution: Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4410058029