The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): A Unified Evolutionary Sequence of Planet-driven Substructures Explaining the Diversity of Disk Morphologies
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Understanding the origin of substructures in protoplanetary disks and their connection to planet formation is currently one of the main challenges in astrophysics. While some disks appear smooth, most exhibit diverse substructures such as gaps, rings, or inner cavities, with varying brightness and depth. As part of the Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA, we previously proposed an evolutionary sequence to unify this diversity, driven by the formation of giant planets through core accretion and subsequent planet–disk interactions. By combining the disk evolution and planet formation code PlanetaLP with the radiative transfer code radmc-3D , we have now reproduced the key aspects of the proposed evolutionary sequence. Starting with a smooth disk (like, e.g., WLY 2-63), we modeled the evolution of a fiducial disk with a 1 M Jup planet at 57 au. Within a few hundred orbits, a narrow gap forms, resembling ISO-Oph 17. By ∼0.1 Myr, the gap widens, and dust accumulates at the cavity edge, producing a structure similar to Elias 2-24. At ∼0.4 Myr, the disk evolves further into a morphology akin to DoAr 44, characterized by a smaller inner disk and a brighter inner rim. By ∼1 Myr, the system transitions to a single narrow ring resembling RXJ1633.9–2442. This line of work strongly supports the planetary origin of substructures and enables the possibility of identifying a population of planets that is currently beyond the reach of more direct detection techniques.
Authors: Santiago Orcajo, Lucas A. Cieza, Octavio Guilera, Sebastián Pérez, Fernando R. Rannou, Camilo González-Ruilova, Grace Batalla-Falcon, Trisha Bhowmik, Prachi Chavan, Simon Casassus, Anuroop Dasgupta, Kevin Diaz, José L. Gomez, Antonio S. Hales, J. M. Miley, Marcelo M. Miller Bertolami, P.H. Nogueira, María Paula Ronco, Dary Ruiz-Rodriguez, Anibal Sierra, Julia Venturini, Philipp Weber, Jonathan P. Williams, Alice Zurlo
Institutions: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Universidad Diego Portales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Data Observatory Foundation, University of Chile, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, University College London, University of Geneva, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Hawaii System
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,400
Funders: National Science Foundation, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, National Science Council, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, National Institutes of Natural Sciences
Awards: G1346039320, G1873655850, MILLENNIUM NUCLEUS ON YOUNG EXOPLANETS AND THEIR MOONS, G2439218202, G2784565934, Dimensions US-BIOTA-Sao Paulo: Assembly and evolution of the Amazonian biota and its environment: an integrated approach, REVEALING THE FORMATION OF PLANETS VIA THEIR SHADOWS MIGRATION KINEMATICS AND DUST TRAPS CONNECTING THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS, DUSTING FOR THE FINGERPRINTS OF YOUNG EXOPLANETS, G6232141420, G6705177600, THE OPHIUCHUS DISK SURVEY EMPLOYING ALMA (ODISEA) MULTI-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS DISK SIZES AND SUBSTRUCTURES IN FAINT DISKS., A NOVEL PATH TO UNDERSTANDING PLANET FORMATION STUDYING THE VICINITY OF YOUNG PLANETS AND PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
OpenAlex ID: W4410119661