Terahertz Investigation of Cultural Heritage Synthetic Materials: A Case Study of Copper Silicate Pigments
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The present study explores a multi-analytical non-invasive approach based on the application of terahertz continuous wave (THz-CW) spectroscopy for the non-invasive characterization of historically produced synthetic copper silicate pigments. For the first time, Han Blue, Han Purple and Egyptian Blue were examined within the THz spectral region using a compact and portable THz-CW spectrometer. The three pigments exhibit distinct absorption features, which facilitate the differentiation of molecular structures within the same chemical and mineralogical category. Moreover, the same compound was analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) to determine its elemental composition, alongside Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) in the range 350–2500 nm, providing crucial insights into its optical properties and molecular structure. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study presents the first spectra for these copper silicates at these wavelengths, thereby expanding the shortwave infrared spectral database of Cultural Heritage materials. This synergistic approach enables a comprehensive characterization, offering a deeper understanding of the compounds’ chemical nature and paving the way for potential applications in the Cultural Heritage domain. Furthermore, the findings underscore the potential of THz-CW spectroscopy as an innovative and effective tool for Cultural Heritage research, providing a non-destructive method to investigate artistic materials.
Source: Minerals
DOI: 10.3390/min15050490
Institution: Sapienza University of Rome
Language: English
Subfield: Archeology
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
Funder: Ministero della Difesa
OpenAlex ID: W4410121552